At this point, you should all have a question using the PIO elements: Patient, Intervention, and Outcome like the example I've listed below. In order to turn this into an effective CINAHL search, follow the steps I've laid out. We will use a chart like the one below through this tutorial, so the first step is to lay out your question and PIO Terms like the example below.
PIO Question: In Surgical Patients, how effective is hand washing at preventing infection?
Patient | Intervention | Outcome | |
Term/Element | Surgical Patient | Hand washing | Infection Prevention |
Synonyms |
NEXT: Brainstorm synonyms and related terms that may come up when you are discussing your topic.
Example:
Surgical patients are sometimes called Operative or Post-Operative patients, so I could put these words in the synonym box below my Patient column. Additionally, the word Surgery is not an exact synonym, but would certainly be used in articles discussing Surgical Patients, so I could include that term as well.
Patient | Intervention | Outcome | |
Term/Element | Surgical Patient | Hand washing | Infection Prevention |
Synonyms |
Surgery Post-Operative |
Can you come up with some synonyms for hand washing and infection prevention?
HINT: When trying to think of synonyms, go to the MESH search. This will help you find terms related to your topic.
Work through the information in the Left Hand column
<-----------------
When you see words in BLUE you should try completing the task for your own topic. You will be asked to enter this information into a quiz at the end of the tutorial!
First, list your Patient, Intervention, and Outcome at the top of the chart!
Example: Surgical Patients, Hand Washing, Infection Prevention
Then, brainstorm some synonyms for these terms, write them in the column below each PIO element.
(You will enter this into the form at the end of the tutorial)
Example:
Patient | Intervention | Outcome | |
Term/Element | Surgical Patient | Hand washing | Infection Prevention |
Synonyms |
Post-Operative Surgery |
Soap and Water Hand Disinfection Hand Hygiene |
Cross Infection Surgical Wound Infections |