APA Business Citations:
◊ APA In-Text Citations
◊ APA Citation Basics
◊ Print Books
◊ Electronic Books
◊ Articles - Print & Online
◊ Conference Proceedings
◊ Websites
◊ Government Reports & Websites
◊ Annual / 10-K Reports
◊ Business Insights: Global
◊ Business Source Complete
◊ D&B Million Dollar Database
◊ Demographics Now
◊ Gale Directory Library
◊ Gale Virtual Reference Library
◊ Mergent Online
◊ NBER Working Papers
◊ Value Line Research Center
APA rules for this website are taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition. Copies of this style manual are available in reference and in the general collection at call number BF76.7 .P83 2010.
The websites listed below will also help you with APA citation format:
♦ American Psychological Association: APA Style
♦ Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab: APA Style
♦ APA Citation Examples (University of Maryland University College)
From Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition (p. 193):
This guide has been compiled by referencing the APA manual, the Purdue OWL website, and by consulting the work of other business librarians who have created guides for business citation. Business citations are not directly addressed in the APA manual, so the decisions on how to create many of these citations have been a matter of interpretation and judgment.
For help with writing and citation format, visit the YSU Writing Center on the lower level of Maag Library.
You must provide parenthetical references (in-text citations) for quotes, paraphrases, and summaries used within a paper. The parenthetical reference refers the reader to the complete bibliographic citation on the Reference List at the end of the paper. Each reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited within the text.
According to APA guidelines, references are cited within the text using an author-date citation system and are listed alphabetically in the reference list. After a quote, add parentheses containing the author's last name (no suffixes such as Jr.) and the year of publication:
"U.S. imports of certified coffee exploded from 1.3 million pounds in 1999 to almost 45 million pounds in 2005, for a total value of $545 million" (Jaffee, 2014).
When using the author's name in the text, do not include it in the parentheses:
According to Jaffee (2014), "U.S. imports of certified coffee exploded from 1.3 million pounds in 1999 to almost 45 million pounds in 2005, for a total value of $545 million."
For two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in text: (Peyser & Mares, 2012).
For three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs: (Thurston, Morris, & Steiman, 2013).
Subsequent citations, include only last name of first author followed by et al. and year: (Thurston et al., 2013).
Six or more authors, cite only last name of first author followed by et al. and year for first and subsequent citations.
Names of groups (corporations, associations, government agencies, etc.) that serve as authors are listed each time they appear in a text citation. If clear enough, group author names may be abbreviated after first citation: (Securities and Exchange Commission [SEC], 2015). Subsequent citations: (SEC, 2015).
Two or more authors with the same last name, include first author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs: (D. Jaffee, 2014).
Two sources by the same author or organization in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
No known author, use the first few words of the reference list entry (usually title). Use quotation marks around titles of articles or web pages and italicize titles of books, periodicals, etc.
"U.S. imports of certified coffee exploded from 1.3 million pounds in 1999 to almost 45 million pounds in 2005, for a total value of $545 million" (Brewing Justice, 2014).
If no publication date is listed, use the abbreviation "n.d." (for "no date"): (O'Keefe, n.d.).
Sample Reference List
Curran, S. R., Linton, A., Cooke, A., & Schrank, A. (Eds.). (2009). The global governance of food. New York: Routledge.
Fridell, G. (2007). Fair trade coffee: The prospects and pitfalls of market-driven social justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Fridell, G. (2014). Coffee. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
International Trade Centre. (2011). The coffee exporter's guide (3rd ed.). Geneva: Author.
Jaffee, D. (2014). Brewing justice: Fair trade coffee, sustainability, and survival. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
Peyser, R., & Mares, B. (2012). Brewing change: Behind the bean at Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. Shelburne, VT: Wind Ridge
Publishing.
Thurston, R. W., Morris, J., & Steiman, S. (Eds.). (2013). Coffee: A comprehensive guide to the bean, the beverage, and the industry.
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Examples of the appropriate in-text citations are included for each type of source listed in the sections below.
♦ APA citation page title: Reference List (centered)
♦ Double-space citations on Reference List page.
♦ Hanging indentation: If a Reference List entry continues to a second line, indent all subsequent lines 5-7 spaces.
♦ Alphabetize your Reference List page by author's last name or title of document if no author name exists. Authors can be
individuals or groups/organizations.
♦ For an author's first name use only initials: 'Smith, J.', not 'Smith, Jennifer'.
♦ If you have multiple publications by one author from different years, order them earliest to latest.
♦ If no author is listed, move the title to the author position before the publication date.
♦ For edited works, place editors' names in the author position, and put Ed. or Eds. in parentheses after last editor name.
♦ When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of
publication.
♦ If publication date is not listed, use the abbreviation n.d. (for no date).
♦ Place information about editions, volume numbers, and page numbers in parentheses following the title, with the period
after the parentheses: (Rev. ed.) or (Vol. xx, pp. xxx-xxx).
♦ When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher.
♦ Capitalize only the first word of a title and the subtitle (i.e. the first word after a colon or a dash) and proper nouns.
Exceptions: Periodical titles (journals, magazines...)
♦ If a source type is important for identification and retrieval, provide it in brackets after the title and any parenthetical
information. Capitalize the first letter of the notation. Examples: [Company profile], [Industry profile], [Market share
report], [SWOT analysis], [Data file], [Brochure], [Map], [CD], [Table], [Computer software], [Video webcast]...
♦ If more than one publisher location is given, use the first one listed on the title page or, if specified, the location of the
publisher's home office.
♦ Do not insert a hyphen if you need to break a URL across lines; instead, break the URL before most punctuation.
Book with Single Author/Editor:
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Editor, A. (Ed.). (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Jaffee, D. (2014). Brewing justice: Fair trade coffee, sustainability, and survival. Oakland, CA: Univ. of California Press.
In-Text Citation: (Jaffee, 2014).
Two Authors/Editors:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Editor, A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Peyser, R., & Mares, B. (2012). Brewing change: Behind the bean at Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. Shelburen, VT: Wind Ridge.
In-Text Citation: (Peyser & Mares, 2012).
Three to Seven Authors/Editors:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author C. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Editor, A., Editor B., & Editor C. (Eds.). (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Thurston, R. W., Morris, J., & Steiman, S. (Eds.). (2013). Coffee: A comprehensive guide to the bean, the beverage, and the
industry. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
First In-Text Citation: (Thurston, Morris, & Steiman, 2013).
Subsequent Citations: (Thurston et al., 2013).
Eight or More Authors/Editors:
Author, A., Author, B., Author, C., Author, D., Author, E., Author, F.,...Author, H. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location:
Publisher.
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T.,...Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the
blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, pp. 323-335.
In-Text Citation: (Miller et al., 2005).
Note: Eight or more authors: Include the first six authors' names, then three ellipsis points, then the last author's name.
Note: This example is an article, not a book. I could not find a book with 8 authors.
Corporate/Association/Government Agency Author:
Group Author. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
International Trade Centre. (2011). The coffee exporter's guide (3rd ed.). Geneva: Author.
In-Text Citation: (International Trade Centre [ITC], 2011).
Subsequent Citations: (ITC, 2011).
Note: Enclose additional informaton for a publication (edition, report number, volume number) in parentheses after title.
Do not use a period between title and additional information and do not italicize additional information.
Note: When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher.
No Author:
Title of work. (Date of Publication). Location: Publisher.
NAICS desk reference: The North American Industry Classification System desk reference. (2000). Indianapolis, IN: JIST.
Note: If no author is listed, move the title to the author position before the publication date.
Chapter/Essay in a Book:
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of work (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of work
(Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Coffee house: Coffee Circus. (1997). In A. Shupe (Ed.), Business plans handbook: A compilation of actual business plans developed
by small businesses throughout North America (Vol. 4, pp. 97-117). New York: Gale Research.
In-Text Citation: ("Coffee house," 1997).
Note: If no author is listed for chapter, move the chapter title to the author position before the publication date.
Moonitz, M. (1977). The environment of accounting. In Mueller, G. G., & Smith, C. H. (Eds.), Accounting: A book of readings
(2nd ed., p. 31). Hinsdale, Il: The Dryden Press.
In-Text Citation: (Moonitz, 1977).
Note: Use this method for information taken from reference books.
Multivolume Work:
Author, A. (Year-Year). Title of work (Vols. x-xx, pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Wright, S. (1968-1978). Evolution and the genetics of populations (Vols. 1-4). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
In-Text Citation: (Wright, 1968-1978).
When citing only one volume:
Nash, M. (1993). Malay. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Encyclopedia of world cultures (Vol. 5, pp. 174-176). New York, NY: G.K. Hall.
Electronic Book:
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Langen, N. (2012). Ethics in consumer choice: An empirical analysis based on the example of coffee. Retrieved from Electronic Book
Center database http://rave.ohiolink.edu/ebooks/ebc/9783658007591
In-Text Citation: (Langen, 2012).
Stutely, R. (2012). The definitive business plan: The fast track to intelligent planning for executives and entrepreneurs (3rd. ed.).
Retrieved from Safari Books Online database http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/-/9780273761143
In-Text Citation: (Stutely, 2012).
Note: No period after URL or DOI. No hyphen when continuing URL or DOI to next line; break at punctuation only.
Chapter/Entry from an Online Reference Work:
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of work (Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx).
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Author, A. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed.,
pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Specialty coffee. (2007). In J. A. Malonis & H. M. Selden (Eds.), Encyclopedia of emerging industries (5th ed.). Retrieved
from Electronic Book Center database http://rave.ohiolink.edu/ebooks/ebc/eei
In-Text Citation: ("Specialty coffee," 2007).
Note: If no author is listed, move the title to the author position before the publication date.
Note: For in-text citation, use quotation marks around titles of articles or web pages and italicize titles of books, periodicals, etc.
♦ If no author is listed, move the title to the author position.
♦ For magazines, newsletters, and newspapers, give the year and the exact date of the publication (month or month and day),
separated by a comma and enclosed in parentheses. If date is given as a season, give the year and the season, separated by a
comma and enclosed in parentheses.
♦ If no date is available, use n.d. in parentheses.
♦ Journal titles are capitalized (Journal of Psychology), whereas for article titles, only the first word of the title and subtitle and
any proper nouns are capitalized.
♦ Enclose additional information given on a publication (e.g., edition, report number, volume number) in parentheses after the
title:
Development of entry-level test to select FBI special agents (Publication No. FR-PRD-94-06).
♦ Volume number is italicized, but issue number in parentheses is not.
♦ If each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in parentheses after the volume number (no space between
volume number and parentheses with issue number.
♦ Periodical publisher names and locations are generally not included in references.
♦ Include digital object identifier (DOI) if one is assigned.If no DOI is assigned, and you retrieved it online, include the home page
URL for the periodical.
♦ Although APA does not require listing the database information, this guide does recommend listing the database title for reasons
of clarity and retrieval.
♦ Use DOIs and perma-links where available. No period after DOIs or URLs.
♦ Do not include retrieval dates unless the source material may change over time.
Scholarly Journal Article - Print:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
Daunfeldt, S., & Rudholm, N. (2014, September). Does shelf-labeling of organic foods increase sales? Results from a
natural experiment. Journal Of Retailing & Consumer Services, 21(5), pp. 804-811.
In-Text Citation: (Daunfeldt & Rudholm, 2014).
Scholarly Journal Article - Online:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx. Retrieved
from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Howard, P., & Jaffee, D. (2013, January 4). Tensions between firm size and sustainability goals: Fair trade coffee in the United
States. Sustainability, 5(1), pp. 72-89. Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/1/72
In-Text Citation: (Howard & Jaffee, 2013).
Scholarly Journal Article - Database:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
doi:xxxxxxxx
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx. Retrieved
from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Daunfeldt, S., & Rudholm, N. (2014, September). Does shelf-labeling of organic foods increase sales? Results from a natural
experiment. Journal Of Retailing & Consumer Services, 21(5), pp. 804-811. Retrieved from Electronic Journal Center database
doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.06.009
In-Text Citation: (Daunfeldt & Rudholm, 2014).
Daunfeldt, S., & Rudholm, N. (2014, September). Does shelf-labeling of organic foods increase sales? Results from a
natural experiment. Journal Of Retailing & Consumer Services, 21(5), pp. 804-811. Retrieved from Electronic Journal
Center database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=97577914&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Daunfeldt & Rudholm, 2014).
Note: No period after URL or DOI. No hyphen when continuing URL or DOI to next line; break at punctuation only.
Note: Although APA does not require listing the database information, this guide does recommend listing the database title for reasons of clarity and retrieval.
Note: Digital Object Identifiers identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet. DOIs are more stable than URLs. A publisher assigns a DOI when an article is published and made available electronically. You can usually find a DOI in the article record. DOIs can be entered at doi.org or crossref.org to locate an article.
Note: Some of the databases will supply a DOI, but at this time most of them do not.
Magazine/Trade Publication Article - Print:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
Summers, N. (2014, April 14). Keurig throws cold water on short sellers. Business Week, (4374), pp. 41-42.
In-Text Citation: (Summers, 2014).
Magazine/Trade Publication Article - Web:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical/Website, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Tobey, J. S. (2014, March 11). Keurig Green Mountain: Time to double up. Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites
/johntobey/2014/03/11/keurig-green-mountain-time-to-double-up/
In-Text Citation: (Tobey, 2014).
Magazine/Trade Publication Article - Database:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx. Retrieved
from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Summers, N. (2014, April 14). Keurig throws cold water on short sellers. Business Week, (4374), pp. 41-42. Retrieved from
Business Source Complete database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=95573784&site
=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Summers, 2014).
Newspaper Article - Print:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
In-Text Citation: (Schwartz, 1993).
Note: If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma.
Newspaper Article - Web:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical/Website, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx.
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
In-Text Citation: (Brody, 2007).
Note: Give the URL of the home page to avoid nonworking URLs.
Newspaper Article - Database:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pp. xxx-xxx. Retrieved
from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Strom, S. (2014, April 9). Coffee and tea company to start selling recyclable single-serving pods. The New York Times (Late Edition -
Final), p. 3. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/api/version1
/getDocCui?lni=5BXY-8TH1-JBG3-60SH&csi=6742&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true
In-Text Citation: (Strom, 2014).
Special Issue or Section in a Journal:
Haney, C., & Wiener, R. L. (Eds.). (2004). Capital punishment in the United States [Special issue]. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law,
10(4).
In-Text Citation: (Haney & Wiener, 2001).
Greenfield, P., & Yan, Z. (Eds.). (2006). Children, adolescents, and the Internet [Special section]. Developmental Psychology, 42,
pp. 391-394. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.391
Conference Proceedings - Database:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of presentation/paper. Title of Proceedings, Volume(Issue), pp.
xxx-xxx. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxx
Zhao, C., Wang, X., Ren, J., & Zhu, A. (2012). A study of the role competitive intelligence in technology innovation. Annual
International Conference On Innovation & Entrepreneurship, pp. 61-66. Retrieved from Entrepreneurial Studies Source
database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ent&AN=79349103&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Zhao, Wang, Ren, & Zhu, 2012).
Subsequent Citations: (Zhao et al., 2012).
Rollins, B., Anitsal, I., & Anitsal, M. (2012, October). Viral marketing for entrepreneurs. Allied Academies International Conference:
Proceedings of The Academy of Entrepreneurship, 18(2), p. 49. Retrieved from Entrepreneurial Studies Source database
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ent&AN=82207059&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Rollins, Anitsal, & Anitsal, 2012).
Subsequent Citations: (Rollins et al., 2012).
Note: For three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs: (Thurston, Morris, & Steiman, 2013). Subsequent citations, include only last name of first author followed by et al. and year: (Thurston et al., 2013).
Entire Website:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Website title. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. (2016). Keurig. Retrieved from http://www.keurig.com/
Page from a Website:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Page title. Website title. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Brown, A. (2014, March 3). Forbes billionaires: Full list of the richest Americans. Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com
/sites/abrambrown/2014/03/03/forbes-billionaires-full-list-of-the-richest-americans/
In-Text Citation: (Brown, 2014).
Jenkins, R. (n.d.). Sample business plan: Moose Mountain Cafe. New Hampshire Small Business Development Center. Retrieved from
http://www.nhsbdc.org/sample-business-plan-moose-mountain-cafe
In-Text Citation: (Jenkins, n.d.).
Ford Motor Company. (n.d.). Our company. Retrieved from http://corporate.ford.com/company.html
In-Text Citation: (Ford Motor Company, n.d.).
Note: When a web page doesn't include a personal author, use the name of the company or organization instead. If you can't find such a name, use the domain name as the author
Note: Use n.d. (no date) when no date is available.
Document from a Website:
Federal Trade Commission. (2014, March 27). FTC proposes changes to fuel rating rule [Press release]. Retrieved from
http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-proposes-changes-fuel-rating-rule
First In-Text Citation: (Federal Trade Commission [FTC], 2014).
Subsequent Citations: (FTC, 2014).
Note: If a source type is important for identification and retrieval, provide it in brackets after the title and any parenthetical information. Capitalize the first letter of the notation. Examples: [Company profile], [Industry profile], [Market share report], [SWOT analysis], [Data file], [Brochure], [Map], [CD], [Table], [Computer software], [Video webcast]...
Print Government Report:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Page title. Website title. Location: Publisher.
U.S. Department of Health, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Department of Health, 2003).
Online Government Report:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
U.S. Department of Health, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdt
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Department of Health, 2003).
Note: If the issuing organization assigned a number to the report, give that number in parentheses after the title.
NAICS Codes:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). 2012 NAICS definition, 311920, coffee and tea manufacturing. Retrieved from
http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=311920&search=2012%20NAICS%20Search
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012a).*
SIC Codes:
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (1987). SIC description for 2251.
Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/sic_manual.display?id=488&tab=description
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Department of Labor [US DOL], 1987).
Subsequent Citations: (US DOL, 1987).
Occupational Employment Statistics (Bureau of Labor Statistics):
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2013, May). National industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates: NAICS
482100 - Rail transportation. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_482100.htm
In-Text Citation: (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2013).
Subsequent Citations: (BLS, 2013).
Census Bureau Population Data:
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Guildford County, North Carolina -- ACS demographic and housing estimates
(1-year estimates) [Table]. Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012b).*
Note: If a source type is important for identification and retrieval, provide it in brackets after the title and any parenthetical information. Capitalize the first letter of the notation.
Economic Census:
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Retail trade: Geographic area series: Summary statistics for the United States, states, metro
areas, counties, and places: 2012. [Table]. Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012c).*
County Business Patterns:
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). Forsyth County, North Carolina -- 2011 county business patterns (NAICS). [Table]. Retrieved
from http://censtats.census.gov/
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012d).*
Consumer Expenditure Survey (Bureau of Labor Statistics):
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012). Race of reference person: Shares of average annual expenditures and sources of
income, Consumer Expenditure Survey 2012 [Table]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/cex/2012/aggregate
/race.pdf
In-Text Citation: (Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2012).
Subsequest Citations: (BLS, 2012).
World DataBank:
World Bank. (2014). CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Data retrieved from World DataBank: World Development
Indicators database http://databank.worldbank.org
In-Text Citation: (World Bank, 2012).
Note: Although APA does not require the listing database information, this guide does recommend listing the database title for reasons of clarity and retrieval.
Data Sets:
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2008). Indiana income limits [Data file]. Retrieved from
http://www.huduser.org/Datasets/IL/IL08/in_fy2008.pdf
In Text-Citation: (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], 2008).
Subsequent citations: (HUD, 2008).
*Two sources by the same author or organization in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Annual Report from Company Website:
Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxx
Keurig Green Mountain. (2014). Fiscal 2014 annual report. Retrieved from http://investor.keuriggreenmountain.com/financials.cfm
In-Text Citation: (Keurig Green Mountain, 2014)
Note: No period after URL. No hyphen when continuing URL to next line; break at punctuation only.
Annual Report from SEC EDGAR Website:
Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report. Retrieved from Agency Name website: http://www.xxxxxxxx
Keurig Green Mountain. (2014). Form 10-K annual report for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2014. Retrieved from SEC EDGAR
website: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/909954/000104746914009384/a2222198z10-k.htm
In-Text Citation: (Keurig Green Mountain, 2014).
Note: Identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement if the publisher is not the author: Retrieved from Agency Name website: http://www.xxxxxxxx
For annual reports/SEC filings found within databases, see the individual database sections below.
For Business Insights: Global article citation format, see Articles - Print & Online above.
Note: Although APA does not require listing the database information, this guide does recommend listing the database title for reasons of clarity and retrieval.
Industry Report from a Reference Source:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Industry report]. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed., pp.
xxx-xxx). Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2014). Roasted coffee [Industry report]. In Encyclopedia of American industries (6th ed.).
Retrieved from Business Insights: Global database http://bi.galegroup.com/global/article/GALE|RN2501400044
/ccaefe875184bdefecd4f70bf4b7ed17?u=youn55736
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2014a).*
Note: If a source type is important for retrieval, provide it in brackets after the title and any parenthetical information. Capitalize the first letter of the notation: [Industry profile], [Company profile], [Market share report].
Company Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Company profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2014). Keuring Green Mountain Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global database
http://bi.galegroup.com/global/company/361332?u=youn55736
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2014b).*
Company History from Reference Source:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved
from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2012). Keurig, Incorporated. In J. P. Pederson (Ed.), International directory of company histories (Vol. 137).
Retrieved from Business Insights: Global database http://bi.galegroup.com/global/article/GALE|I2501316297
/6999a1ca2315d5c2d94db7c0e9976c15?u=youn55736
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2012).
Market Share Report:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of chapter or entry [Market share report]. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed.,
pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2016). Top coffee drink brands, 2014 [Market share report]. In R. S. Lazich (Ed.), Market share reporter (2016
ed.). Retrieved from Business Insights: Global database http://bi.galegroup.com/global/article/GALE|I2502051589
/d07601908b2af922ca94d82c65aaaf97?u=youn55736
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2016).
SWOT Report:
GlobalData. (2015, April 6). Starbucks Corporation - financial and strategic analysis review. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global
database http://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER1/239921_GDRT33172FSA
In-Text Citation: (GlobalData, 2015).
*Two sources by the same author or organization in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
For Business Source Complete article citation format, see Articles - Print & Online above.
MarketLine Company Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Company profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
MarketLine. (2015, June 8). Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=dmhls&AN=319B71E9-2327-4F6A-A641-986759BDBD93&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (MarketLine, 2015a).*
SWOT Analysis:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [SWOT analysis]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
MarketLine. (2015, June 18). Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. [SWOT analysis]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=108401515&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (MarketLine, 2015b).*
MarketLine Industry Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
MarketLine. (2014, October). Global hot drinks [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=99556016&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (MarketLine, 2014).
Barnes Industry Report:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
C. Barnes & Co. (2014). BARNES reports: Coffee & tea mfg. industry (NAICS 31192) [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Business Source
Complete database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=94321685&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (C. Barnes & Co., 2014).
Market Research Handbook:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document. In Title of work (Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from Title database
http://www.xxxxxxxx
Richard K. Miller & Associates. (2014). Coffee [Market research report]. In Restaurant, food & beverage market research handbook
(pp. 462-464). Retrieved from Business Source Complete database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct
=true&db=bth&AN=95942201&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Richard K. Miller & Associates, 2014).
Case Study:
Author. (Date of publication). Title of document [Case study]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Datamonitor. (2005, April). Single serve coffee pod case study: The rise of the one cup coffee trend (Procter & Gamble, Kraft and
Nestle) [Case study]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct
=true&db=bth&AN=21120536&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (Datamonitor, 2005).
Country Report:
IHS Global Inc. (2015, June 24). Argentina country monitor: Country reports - Argentina. Retrieved from Business Source Complete
database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=108520582&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (IHS Global Inc., 2015).
PRS Group, Inc. (2014, September). Political risk yearbook: Argentina country report. Retrieved from Business Source Complete
database http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=100605587&site=ehost-live
In-Text Citation: (PRS Group, Inc., 2014).
First Research Industry Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
First Research. (2015, July 20). Coffee & tea manufacturing [Industry profile]. Retrieved from D&B Million Dollar Database
http://mergent.firstresearch-learn.com/industry_full.aspx?pid=239
Demographic Report for a Specific Geographical Area:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Table]. Retrieved Date from Demographics Now database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2014). Demographic snapshot comparison for Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metro [Table].
Retrieved August 25, 2015 from Demographics Now database http://library.demographicsnow.com
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2014).
Note: Use retrieval date, since demographic information in this database can change over time.
Market Share Reporter:
Author. (Date of publication). Title of document. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from
Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2015). Retail single-serve coffee sales, 2013 [Market share report]. In R. Lazich & V. L. Burton (Eds.), Market
Share Reporter (25th ed.). Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database http://find.galegroup.com/gdl/start.do?prodId=GDL
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2015a).*
Brands and Their Companies:
Author. (Date of publication). Title of document. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (page numbers, edition, or volume
number). Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Gale Cengage Learning. (2015). Green Mountain Coffee Roasters. In P. Geeseman (Ed.), Brands and their companies (39th ed.).
Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database http://find.galegroup.com/gdl/start.do?prodId=GDL
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2015b).*
*Two sources by the same author or organization in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of work (Vol./ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Business Plans Handbook:
Gale Cengage Learning. (2005). Coffee roaster: Venezia Coffee Roasters [Business plan]. In A. Shupe (Ed.), Business plans handbook
(Vol. 4, pp. 119-145). Retrieved from Gale Virtual Reference Library database http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id
=GALE%7CCX3440000016&v=2.1&u=youn55736&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=b70363fd3246c45cd9b60db469d7f612
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2005).
Encyclopedia of Emerging Markets:
Gale Cengage Learning. (2013). Columbia. In L. V. Burton (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Emerging Markets (pp. 87-92). Retrieved from Gale
Virtual Reference Library http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2759800030&v=2.1&u=youn55736&it=r&p=GVRL&sw
=w&asid=124c17a6890ea637b0aab6bee49d2783
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2013a).*
Encyclopedia of Global Brands:
Gale Cengage Learning. (2013). Green Mountain Coffee. In P. Geeseman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Brands (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp.
458-461).Retrieved from Gale Virtual Reference Library http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2979600112&v=2.1&u
=youn55736&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=60a605f68384ac71e8d26d1be89c6b7b
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2013b).*
Encyclopedia of Global Industries:
Gale Cengage Learning. (2011). Coffee, roasted [Industry profile]. In L. M. Pearce (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Industries (5th ed.,
pp. 424-435). Retrieved from Gale Virtual Reference Library http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1930300062&v
=2.1&u=youn55736&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=053635397d7d6dfc163110ed1d818cd3
In-Text Citation: (Gale Cengage Learning, 2011).
*Two sources by the same author or organization in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Note: Permalinks (durable URLs) are not provided for company profiles in Mergent Online. Use the permalink for the overall database instead: http://www.mergentonline.com
Mergent Online Company Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Company profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Mergent, Inc. (n.d.). Keurig Green Mountain Inc. [Company profile]. Retrieved August 27, 2015 from Mergent Online database
http://www.mergentonline.com
In-Text Citation: (Mergent, Inc., n.d.).
Note: Company profiles are not dated in Mergent Online, so use n.d. (no date) for publication date and add the retrieval date to the "Retrieved from" section. Also use n.d. for the in-text citation.
10-K/Annual Report from Mergent Online Company Profile:
Company Name. (Date of Publication). Title of report. Retrieved from Title database: http://http://www.xxxxxxxx
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. (2014, November 19). Form 10-K annual report for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2014.
Retrieved from Mergent Online database http://www.mergentonline.com
In-Text Citation: (Keurig Green Mountain, Inc., 2014).
Note: The official date for an SEC filing can usually be found at the end of the document.
Financial Statements from Mergent Online Company Profile:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of report. Retrieved from Title database: http://http://www.xxxxxxxx
Mergent, Inc. (2014, September 27). Keurig Green Mountain Inc. as reported annual balance sheet. Retrieved from
Mergent Online database http://www.mergentonline.com
In-Text Citation: (Mergent, Inc., 2014).
Mergent Online Industry Report:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Mergent, Inc. (2015, May). North America food & beverage sectors [Industry profile]. Retrieved from Mergent Online
database http://www.mergentonline.com
In-Text Citation: (Mergent, Inc., 2015).
Mergent Online Country Report:
Author. (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Dun & Bradstreet. (2015 August). Country insight report: Argentina. Retrieved from Mergent Online database
http://www.mergentonline.com
Working Paper:
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date of Publication). Title of working paper (Paper number). Retrieved from Title database
http://www.xxxxxxxx
Yang, M., Kueng, L., & Hong, B. (2015, January). Business strategy and the management of firms (NBER Working Paper 20846).
Retrieved from NBER Working Papers database http://http://www.nber.org/papers/
In-Text Citation: (Yang, Kueng, & Hong, 2015).
Note: If the issuing organization assigned a number to the report, give that number in parentheses after the title.
Value Line Investment Survey:
Author. (Date of Publication). Company Name. Title of work. Retrieved from Title database http://www.xxxxxxxx
Value Line, Inc. (2015, August 28). Starbucks Corp. Value Line Investment Survey. Retrieved from Value Line Research Center
database http://research.valueline.com
In-Text Citation: (Value Line, Inc., 2015).
Note: Report publication dates for VLIS can always be found at the end of the "Commentary" section.
Note: Permalinks (durable URLs) are not provided for company profiles in Value Line Research Center. Use the permalink for the overall database instead: http://research.valueline.com